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Тред. Коллективное поведение. ⬇️
1. В природе мы находим множество изящных узоров и завораживающих движений. Одной из полезнейших и удивительных способностей мозга является распознавание паттернов. Оно позволяет нам восхищаться красотой и извлекать информацию из паттернов.
Bob Baumann retweeted
После того как Менделеев в 1869 году собрал периодическую таблицу по атомному весу, она почти работала — но не совсем.
Вес иногда врал. Кобальт оказывался тяжелее никеля, аргон тяжелее калия, и химия упрямо требовала поменять их местами. Менделеев правил вручную, оставлял пустые клетки и надеялся, что когда-нибудь найдётся настоящий порядок.
Генри Мозли в 1913–1914 годах нашёл его экспериментально. Он брал образцы элементов, бомбардировал их электронами и снимал рентгеновские спектры. У каждого элемента оказались свои чёткие линии излучения. Когда он отложил корень из частоты этих линий по горизонтали, а по вертикали расставил целые числа, получилась идеально прямая. Эти числа совпали с местом элемента в таблице и оказались равны заряду ядра — количеству протонов.
Атомный номер перестал быть условной нумерацией и стал измеримой физической величиной. Порядок сам встал на место: кобальт и никель, аргон и калий легли туда, куда требовала химия. На графике остались четыре провала — места 43, 61, 72 и 75. Технеций, прометий, гафний и рений нашли только через десятилетия. Закон Мозли одновременно подтвердил модель атома Бора и дал способ читать элемент по спектру так же уверенно, как букву в тексте.
Резерфорд, у которого он работал, говорил, что такого больше не увидим.
В 27 лет Мозли уже переписал основу современной таблицы. Потом началась война. Он пошёл в Королевские инженеры офицером связи, хотя его уговаривали остаться в лаборатории. 10 августа 1915 года на Галлиполи, у Чунук-Баир, во время турецкой контратаки он стоял с телефоном, передавая приказ. Снайперская пуля попала в голову. Тело так и не нашли — имя на мемориале в Геллесе.
Айзек Азимов потом назвал это одной из самых дорогих смертей всей войны. Британцы после этого стали беречь учёных от передовой. Слишком поздно.
Он успел дать химии точный алфавит, которым мы пользуемся до сих пор, и ушёл, не успев увидеть, что из этого вырастет. Иногда наука теряет не просто человека. Она теряет язык, который ещё не успел договорить.
Bob Baumann retweeted
A high school girl in Mexico just won a gold medal for putting out fires with a speaker. It plays one deep, low hum and the flames die in about 5 seconds.
DARPA tried the same idea back in 2012 with a rig so big and clunky they never took it any further, and hers runs on a 12-volt battery and a speaker she can carry around.
Sound is just air being pushed back and forth. A low note at 30 hertz means the air around the flame is flipping direction 30 times every second.
Flames only exist in a thin layer where fuel vapor mixes with oxygen. Shake that layer hard enough and it keeps getting stretched thinner, the heat gets pulled away faster than the flame can make more, and eventually the flame rips right off the fuel. Whatever tears off is too cool to keep burning, so it just goes out.
DARPA's report put a number on how little it takes. Once the air at the flame is moving about half a meter per second, which is barely a breeze, the flame goes out, and pretty much any pitch can get there if you crank the power high enough.
Low notes just get you there way cheaper, because a speaker moves a lot more air on each push when the pitch is low. Two engineering students at George Mason figured this out by trial and error in 2015. They started with super high pitches, 20,000 to 30,000 hertz, and all the flames did was shiver. It only worked once they dropped down to 30 to 60 hertz, which is basically the bass on a hip-hop track.
Ángela Karime's build is a 12-volt battery, a frequency generator, an amplifier and a speaker, tuned to 30 hertz. She named it Vortex Tech and talks about it shooting out little rings of air, and that's real physics. When loud, low sound gets pushed through a narrow opening, the air curls up into rings like a smoke ring, and those rings carry a puff of air way farther than the sound would get on its own. In her tests it put out small flames from about 2 meters away.
She went through five prototypes and over 100 tests in about a year, and she says it's put out burning wood, flammable liquids, electronics and cooking oil.
The cooking oil one is a big deal. Throw water on a grease fire and it flashes into steam and flings burning oil all over your kitchen, which is exactly the kind of fire where you'd want something that doesn't put anything into the pan.
Now, sound can't cool anything down, so a big fire sitting on red-hot fuel can come right back the second the speaker shuts off. The George Mason guys worried about the same thing in 2015, and it's why this is still a prototype for small flames and the red extinguisher under your sink isn't going anywhere yet.
Space might end up being where this matters first. Up there water floats off in blobs, while sound works the same with or without gravity, and acoustics researchers have already published experiments on fighting fires with sound on spacecraft.
She's still in high school, and she's already working on a version that spots a fire and puts it out by itself. The gold in Indonesia also came with a special award that gets her into another international competition.
Bob Baumann retweeted
Today I spoke at the opening of “Ireland–Belarus: National Cultural Identities” in Dublin 🇮🇪. Ireland’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, together with the United Transitional Cabinet of Belarus and my Office, organised the conference as part of Ireland’s Presidency of the Council of the 🇪🇺.
It brings together around 200 politicians, writers, linguists and cultural figures from Belarus and Ireland to discuss language, national identity, cultural independence and the role of theatre in understanding our histories.
Despite Russification, censorship and repression, Belarusians continue to preserve our identity. The cultural awakening of 2020 continues through the work of our cultural figures, both at home and in exile.
Preserving our national identity also means protecting our future. The so-called “Russian world” is built on the idea that Belarus and Ukraine are merely extensions of Russia. But we are not Russia.
Lukashenka’s regime pursues Russification in Belarus, just as Russia does in the occupied territories of Ukraine, trying to turn us into Russians.
First they tell you that your language does not matter. Then your history. Finally, your country.
This is why supporting culture, protecting our languages and strengthening our national identities are so important for Belarusians and Ukrainians alike.
Defending our culture and identity means defending our freedom.
Bob Baumann retweeted
Свободу Григорию Мельконьянцу!
Свободу политзаключённым!
#СвободуПолитзаключённым
Daria is presenting her research project from the Erasmus internship in my lab in #UCD.
Bob Baumann retweeted
Europe According To Ireland
Article: brilliantmaps.com/europe-acc…
Bob Baumann retweeted
For me, Europe began in Ireland 🇮🇪.
Today at the conference in Dublin, I shared some personal memories. As a teenager, I visited Ireland several times through a programme for children affected by the Chornobyl disaster. I stayed with Henry and Marian Deane in Roscrea, County Tipperary.
I learned English here, and even a little Irish. I discovered another culture. But most importantly, I discovered another way of life.
I saw that people could speak freely. That they could disagree with their government without being afraid. I was too young then to understand what democracy really meant. But I could feel what freedom was. That is something you never forget.
Ireland helped shape me as a person, my values and my European identity. Long before I learned about the European Union, I experienced European values through ordinary Irish people. Through a family who opened their home to a girl from Belarus. Through neighbours who treated me as one of their own.
Ireland also taught me another important lesson: You can love your country, your language and your traditions while remaining open to the world.
Bob Baumann retweeted
20 minutes of exercise protects memory after sleep loss just as well as a 90-minute nap.
Bob Baumann retweeted
Today in 1988, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in Norris v. Ireland that Irish laws criminalising sex between men breached the right to private life under the European Convention on Human Rights. The vote was a narrow eight to six.
The man behind the case was David Norris, a Trinity College lecturer and a founder of the Irish Gay Rights Movement in 1974. In 1977 he went to court to challenge British colonial laws inherited from the days when all of Ireland suffered inside the United Kingdom.
The Offences Against the Person Act 1861 outlawed "buggery", and the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, which made "gross indecency" between men a crime. It was the 1885 Act that sent Oscar Wilde to prison in 1895. Women were never covered by it at all, supposedly because Queen Victoria didnt believe lesbians existed!
Norris's barrister was Mary Robinson, later President of Ireland. The High Court dismissed the case in 1980. In 1983 the Supreme Court rejected his appeal by three votes to two. Chief Justice Tom O'Higgins wrote that homosexual practice was "morally wrong, damaging to health and potentially harmful to the institution of marriage".
Norris took the fight to Strasbourg, where the European Commission of Human Rights found in his favour in March 1987. The Court confirmed it the following year. Even then, Ireland dragged its feet for almost five more years. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 1993 finally decriminalised sex between men and set an equal age of consent of 17. In 2015, Ireland became the first country to introduce marriage equality by popular vote.
Bob Baumann retweeted
📍Benbulben is a large flat-topped rock formation in County Sligo 🇮🇪
It's part of the Dartry Mountains, in an area know as “Yeats Country” 💚
It's also designated as a County Geological Site by Sligo County Council ⛰️
📸 Visit Ireland
#Sligo #Benbulben #Ireland #Mountain
Bob Baumann retweeted
I took about 50,000 photos through a 14" telescope last night to produce this: A hyper-detailed photo of the full moon. The fidelity of the photo was great enough to allow me to greatly enhance the color, revealing a hidden world of geological diversity.










































