INTERNATIONAL CORAL REEF OBSERVATORY

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous pages at the top. The background features an aerial view of a coral reef. The heading “The ICRS & the Report” appears in dark blue, followed by the text: “The global report was externally peer-reviewed by the International Coral Reef Society (ICRS).” in light blue. At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 5, is a darker blue than the others.

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous pages at the top. The background features a very colorful coral reef. In the foreground, the heading “The report in numbers” appears in dark blue. Four key figures are displayed with their corresponding descriptions in light blue: “25.8% global hard coral cover in 2024”; “9.5% relative decline in hard coral cover from 1980–2009 to 2020–2024”; “8.9%” largest single-year decline from 2023–2024"; and “~6%” relative recovery in global hard coral cover from 2017-2019". At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 6, is a darker blue than the others.

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous pages at the top. The background features a photo of a bleached branching coral. In the foreground, the heading “The global trend” appears in dark blue. Below, a graph shows hard coral cover (%) over time, with four sharp declines coinciding with the four global coral bleaching events. The first event is associated with a 6.5% relative loss, the second with 9.9%, the third with 6.6%, and the fourth with 8.9%. At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 7, is a darker blue than the others.

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous pages at the top. The background features a coral with one section bleached and another section still showing color in yellowish-brown tones. Near the bottom, the heading “Bleaching & coral loss” appears in dark blue, followed by the text: “Marine heatwaves and the resulting coral bleaching are the primary drivers of these declines - and are becoming more frequent, intense, and persistent under climate change.” in light blue. At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 8, is a darker blue than the others.

ALT Report cover over a photo of a bleached coral reef. At the top are the ICRS logo, featuring a blue circle with a brain coral in the lower left and a school of fish in the upper right in white line art; the GCRMN logo, with the acronym in dark blue above two wavy lines, one dark blue and one light blue; the ICRI logo, with the acronym in dark blue above two wavy lines, one dark blue and one light blue; the Australian Government logo, featuring a kangaroo on the left, a bird on the right, a central coat of arms, and surrounding plants; and the AIMS logo, featuring a simplified dark blue fish that fades to a lighter blue toward the bottom. The title “The Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2025” appears in dark blue, with the question “What does the latest global assessment tell us about coral reefs?” below it in light blue. At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 1, is in dark blue.

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous page at the top. The background features a photo of a colorful coral reef. The heading “What is the GCRMN?” appears in dark blue, followed by the text: “The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) is a global network of scientists, managers and organisations that monitor the condition of coral reefs throughout the world.” in light blue. At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 2, is a darker blue than the others.

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous pages at the top. The background features an orange branching coral behind the text. In the foreground, the heading “What is this report?” appears in dark blue, followed by “THE BIGGEST GLOBAL ASSESSMENT YET!” in light blue. Below, the text reads: “It assesses long-term trends in coral reefs from 1980 to 2024 and examines changes in hard coral cover and macroalgal cover.” At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 3, is a darker blue than the others.

ALT Page with the same logos as the previous pages at the top. The background features a close-up photo of a branching coral illuminated by violet light. The heading “How was it done?” appears in dark blue. Below, dark blue circles display key figures, with the corresponding information in light blue: “+21M observations,” “+87K surveys,” “+36K reef sites,” “600 contributing partners,” and “+120 countries, territories and economies.” At the bottom, 14 horizontal elongated rectangles indicate the page progression; the rectangle corresponding to the current page, page 4, is a darker blue than the others.