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🔔 REFERENCE POINT FOR FOOTBALL STUDY
After the positive response to my previous post, I thought it was worth doing this.
With some digging, and help from people much more knowledgeable than me, here’s my attempt at creating a useful reference point for anyone interested.
FOUNDATIONS
Tactical Terms
Core vocabulary including between the lines, cover shadow, overloading, releasing, transition moments and more.
spielverlagerung.com/glossar…
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DEFENSIVE PRINCIPLES
Man Coverage / Man-to-Man Marking
spielverlagerung.com/2014/07…
Zonal Marking / Zonal Coverage
spielverlagerung.com/2014/07…
Tactical Theory: Compactness
spielverlagerung.com/2015/05…
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PRESSING & TRANSITIONS
Counter- or Gegenpressing
spielverlagerung.com/2014/10…
Pressing, Counterpressing, and Counterattacking
spielverlagerung.com/2017/03…
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POSSESSION & POSITIONAL PLAY
Juego de Posición under Pep Guardiola
spielverlagerung.com/2014/12…
Tactical Theory: The Various Methods of Dismarking
spielverlagerung.com/2017/08…
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SPACE
The Half-Spaces
spielverlagerung.com/2014/09…
Half-Space — Glossary
spielverlagerung.com/glossar…
Tactical Theory: Diagonality
spielverlagerung.com/2025/06…
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GAME MODEL
How to Create a Game Model
spielverlagerung.com/2016/03…
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7. Further Theory
Once the foundations are established, explore more specialised subjects:
• Diagonality
spielverlagerung.com/2025/06…
• Half-spaces
spielverlagerung.com/2014/09…
• Deep full-backs
spielverlagerung.com/2020/08…
• Set-pieces
spielverlagerung.com/2019/12…
• Relationism vs positional play
spielverlagerung.com/2024/05…
• Blindside concepts
spielverlagerung.com/2016/09…
Tips:
When studying a concept, it’s important to watch some footage so you can see what you’re learning in action. Write a brief explanation of it in your own words before moving on.
There are many great people on here who post excellent content. Look at who I follow for some ideas.
Like I said before, start with these:
@MeiaArmador__
@Jon_Mackenzie
@rajsinghchohan
try.elevenlabs.io/Eleven-Rea…
As mentioned previously, if finding the time to read is difficult, I use an app called ElevenReader.
Paste the link to the article into the app and it automatically turns it into audio and reads it to you.
You get 10 hours free per month. If you sign up for Pro, I receive a small commission, but honestly, the free 10 hours should be more than enough for most people.
No scouting report can tell you with 100% certainty who a player is, whether it’s from video or live observation.
But I think leaving the psychological/behavioural domain out entirely leaves a fundamental part of the player profile missing.
You can observe how a player responds to mistakes, pressure, failure, success, responsibility and adversity, then triangulate that with interviews and references.
A player can excel technically, tactically and physically, but if their psychological/behavioural profile isn’t suited to the demands of the team, that can ultimately undermine everything else.
IF retweeted
🧵
There’s an increasing amount of talk around relationism at the moment, which I’m glad to see.
But I think the relationship between relationism and positional play is often framed as more binary than it actually is. 👇
Thread 🧵
1/ I’ve been thinking about player development through a slightly different lens.
What if technical ability isn’t simply how many techniques a player can perform, but how many solutions they can perceive and execute when the environment changes?
9/ And this is where I think there could be an interesting talent-ID question:
Can we identify players with exceptional movement variability, anticipation, affordance perception and perception-action coupling at a young age? Not instead of the physical, psychological, technical and tactical factors. Alongside them.
Not specifically about Baleba but in general.
Perception–action coupling can help explain why a player with exceptional technical ability or athleticism can perform at an average level, while a player with lesser physical or technical qualities can perform at a higher level.
It can operate at a structural level, recognising an opponent’s positioning and adapting accordingly, or at a micro level, such as detecting a subtle shift in an opponent’s body weight before executing the next action.
A difference of even 200ms in perceiving or responding to information can be the difference between beating a defender and losing the ball, or between maintaining and breaking an entire attacking or defensive structure.
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They key here is “takes him extra time to process what to do next”.
The reason this is important to monitor is because it needs to be determined whether this could be a potential difference in perceptual processing, anticipation and perception–action coupling, or just having an “off day” / low confidence etc.
Even a perceptual delay of just 200ms could be the difference between the next action being a success or failure, and that can be fatal at the top level.
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6/
Why this matters for talent ID:
Two players can cover the same distance in the same time.
One does it with efficient force application, good stiffness, and clean sequencing.
The other does it with compensatory patterns, high joint stress, and energy leaks.
The first one scales better as the game gets faster and more physical. The second one often plateaus or gets injured.
7/
Practical application when watching games or clips:
- Instead of just noting “quick” or “strong on the ball”, ask:
- How does he apply force into the ground when accelerating?
- How early and how cleanly does he decelerate?
- What does his plant foot and trunk do on the sharpest turns?
- Does his movement still look efficient when fatigued?
These questions give you a clearer picture of the underlying athletic profile.
1/ 🧵
I’ve been deep-diving biomechanics in football recently – specifically how movement patterns can help with talent identification.
Most scouting still focuses on what a player does.
Biomechanics helps explain how they do it, and whether that “how” is sustainable or scalable.
Here’s what I’m learning: 👇
🤖 Made with AI
5/
Change of direction is the biggest separator for talent ID in my view.
Key things I’m watching:
- Ground contact time (shorter is generally better for sharper cuts if force is high enough)
- How much the player leans / inclines the trunk toward the new direction
- Whether the plant foot is outside the base of support enough to create a proper braking + propulsion vector
- Knee and hip alignment under load (valgus collapse is a red flag for both performance and injury risk)
- Angle matters massively. A player who is excellent at 45° cuts can look average at 90–180°.
4/
Deceleration is where a lot of talent gets misread.
Elite decelerators:
- Drop their centre of mass early
- Use big eccentric force at the hip and knee
- Keep the trunk relatively stable
- Can stop and re-accelerate without collapsing
A player who looks quick in open space but constantly needs 3–4 steps to turn or stop is showing a biomechanical limitation, not just a “decision-making” one.





