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Understanding football through mechanisms. Biomechanics | Psychology | Systems | Tactics

Joined May 2022
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🔔 REFERENCE POINT FOR FOOTBALL STUDY After the positive response to my previous post, I thought it was worth doing this. With some digging, and help from people much more knowledgeable than me, here’s my attempt at creating a useful reference point for anyone interested. FOUNDATIONS Tactical Terms Core vocabulary including between the lines, cover shadow, overloading, releasing, transition moments and more. spielverlagerung.com/glossar… ⸻ DEFENSIVE PRINCIPLES Man Coverage / Man-to-Man Marking spielverlagerung.com/2014/07… Zonal Marking / Zonal Coverage spielverlagerung.com/2014/07… Tactical Theory: Compactness spielverlagerung.com/2015/05… ⸻ PRESSING & TRANSITIONS Counter- or Gegenpressing spielverlagerung.com/2014/10… Pressing, Counterpressing, and Counterattacking spielverlagerung.com/2017/03… ⸻ POSSESSION & POSITIONAL PLAY Juego de Posición under Pep Guardiola spielverlagerung.com/2014/12… Tactical Theory: The Various Methods of Dismarking spielverlagerung.com/2017/08… ⸻ SPACE The Half-Spaces spielverlagerung.com/2014/09… Half-Space — Glossary spielverlagerung.com/glossar… Tactical Theory: Diagonality spielverlagerung.com/2025/06… ⸻ GAME MODEL How to Create a Game Model spielverlagerung.com/2016/03… ⸻ 7. Further Theory Once the foundations are established, explore more specialised subjects: • Diagonality spielverlagerung.com/2025/06… • Half-spaces spielverlagerung.com/2014/09… • Deep full-backs spielverlagerung.com/2020/08… • Set-pieces spielverlagerung.com/2019/12… • Relationism vs positional play spielverlagerung.com/2024/05… • Blindside concepts spielverlagerung.com/2016/09… Tips: When studying a concept, it’s important to watch some footage so you can see what you’re learning in action. Write a brief explanation of it in your own words before moving on. There are many great people on here who post excellent content. Look at who I follow for some ideas. Like I said before, start with these: @MeiaArmador__ @Jon_Mackenzie @rajsinghchohan try.elevenlabs.io/Eleven-Rea… As mentioned previously, if finding the time to read is difficult, I use an app called ElevenReader. Paste the link to the article into the app and it automatically turns it into audio and reads it to you. You get 10 hours free per month. If you sign up for Pro, I receive a small commission, but honestly, the free 10 hours should be more than enough for most people.
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No scouting report can tell you with 100% certainty who a player is, whether it’s from video or live observation. But I think leaving the psychological/behavioural domain out entirely leaves a fundamental part of the player profile missing. You can observe how a player responds to mistakes, pressure, failure, success, responsibility and adversity, then triangulate that with interviews and references. A player can excel technically, tactically and physically, but if their psychological/behavioural profile isn’t suited to the demands of the team, that can ultimately undermine everything else.
Replying to @AreteMindset
This is why!
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And these domains are not exclusive, they are all linked for example: a player may have the technical arsenal to perform certain actions in a given situation, but does he have the perception / confidence to select the correct action at the correct time.
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🧵 There’s an increasing amount of talk around relationism at the moment, which I’m glad to see. But I think the relationship between relationism and positional play is often framed as more binary than it actually is. 👇
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Thread 🧵 1/ I’ve been thinking about player development through a slightly different lens. What if technical ability isn’t simply how many techniques a player can perform, but how many solutions they can perceive and execute when the environment changes?
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9/ And this is where I think there could be an interesting talent-ID question: Can we identify players with exceptional movement variability, anticipation, affordance perception and perception-action coupling at a young age? Not instead of the physical, psychological, technical and tactical factors. Alongside them.
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10/ Maybe the future question isn’t simply: How technically good is this player? Maybe it’s how many viable solutions can this player perceive, coordinate and execute when the environment becomes unpredictable?
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Not specifically about Baleba but in general. Perception–action coupling can help explain why a player with exceptional technical ability or athleticism can perform at an average level, while a player with lesser physical or technical qualities can perform at a higher level. It can operate at a structural level, recognising an opponent’s positioning and adapting accordingly, or at a micro level, such as detecting a subtle shift in an opponent’s body weight before executing the next action. A difference of even 200ms in perceiving or responding to information can be the difference between beating a defender and losing the ball, or between maintaining and breaking an entire attacking or defensive structure.
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They key here is “takes him extra time to process what to do next”. The reason this is important to monitor is because it needs to be determined whether this could be a potential difference in perceptual processing, anticipation and perception–action coupling, or just having an “off day” / low confidence etc. Even a perceptual delay of just 200ms could be the difference between the next action being a success or failure, and that can be fatal at the top level.
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Why this matters for talent ID: Two players can cover the same distance in the same time. One does it with efficient force application, good stiffness, and clean sequencing. 
The other does it with compensatory patterns, high joint stress, and energy leaks. The first one scales better as the game gets faster and more physical. The second one often plateaus or gets injured.
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Practical application when watching games or clips: - Instead of just noting “quick” or “strong on the ball”, ask: - How does he apply force into the ground when accelerating? - How early and how cleanly does he decelerate? - What does his plant foot and trunk do on the sharpest turns? - Does his movement still look efficient when fatigued? These questions give you a clearer picture of the underlying athletic profile.
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I’m still early in this. Reading, watching slow-mo, and trying to link it back to the players I already watch a lot. If anyone has good resources, accounts, or papers on football-specific biomechanics (especially applied to talent ID), drop them below. Would love to learn more.
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1/ 🧵 
I’ve been deep-diving biomechanics in football recently – specifically how movement patterns can help with talent identification. Most scouting still focuses on what a player does. 
Biomechanics helps explain how they do it, and whether that “how” is sustainable or scalable. Here’s what I’m learning: 👇
🤖 Made with AI
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Change of direction is the biggest separator for talent ID in my view. Key things I’m watching: - Ground contact time (shorter is generally better for sharper cuts if force is high enough) - How much the player leans / inclines the trunk toward the new direction - Whether the plant foot is outside the base of support enough to create a proper braking + propulsion vector - Knee and hip alignment under load (valgus collapse is a red flag for both performance and injury risk) - Angle matters massively. A player who is excellent at 45° cuts can look average at 90–180°.
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Deceleration is where a lot of talent gets misread. Elite decelerators: - Drop their centre of mass early - Use big eccentric force at the hip and knee - Keep the trunk relatively stable - Can stop and re-accelerate without collapsing A player who looks quick in open space but constantly needs 3–4 steps to turn or stop is showing a biomechanical limitation, not just a “decision-making” one.
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