Linde Easterlingr

The largest and heaviest bison ever to live in North America (left) and our preparation technician Darren (right). Bison latifrons, better known as the Long-horned Bison, an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during Late Pleistocene epoch ranging from southern Canada to Mexico, for 200,000+ years during the Pleistocene Epoch. It is noted for its large body size and its distinctive long horns. The horns of this specimen stretch seven feet from tip to tip. The animal would have weighed 50% more than a modern bison. Because only skulls and horns of this species have been found well preserved, the size of B. latifrons is currently not clearly known. Based on leg bones, mass of B. latifrons has been estimated to be 25-50% larger than that of modern B. bison, making it undoubtedly one of the largest-ever ruminants. The known dimensions of species are on average larger than any extinct and extant bovids, including both the American bison and the European bison, making it the largest known bovid. Overall, it was probably around 4.75m in length and stood about 2.3m or up to 2.5m tall at the withers. With an estimated weight of 1250-2000kg, B. latifrons was one of the largest ruminants ever, rivaled in mass only by the modern giraffe and the prehistoric long-horned buffalo Pelorovis. Fossil measurements of B. priscus gigas indicate the species was potentially analogous to B. latifrons both in morphology and habitat selection, attaining similar body sizes and horns that were up to 210cm apart. The horns of B. latifrons measured as great as 213cm from tip to tip, compared with 66-90cm in modern Bison bison. Bison latifrons is thought to have evolved in North America from Bison priscus (steppe bison) another prehistoric species of bison that migrated across the Bering Land Bridge around 195–135,000 years ago, before dispersing southwards around 130,000 years ago. The earliest fossil Bison latifrons, as well as one of the oldest well dated bison specimens in central North America, is from Snowmass site in Colorado, dating to Last Interglacial (Sangamonian), around 120,000 years ago. It has been suggested that a population of B. latifrons gave rise to Bison antiquus, the ancestor of modern American bison before 60,000 years ago with the two species co-existing alongside each other. Bison latifrons ranged across much of North America, extending from southern Mexico to southern Canada, as far west as California and as far east as Florida and the American Midwest. Though it was primarily a grazer, B. latifrons exhibited a high degree of dietary flexibility and adaptability across its range. Isotopic analysis from specimens found in Florida suggests a largely grazing based diet, while isotopic analysis of specimens from Clark Quarry, Georgia, suggest that these specimens had a mixed feeding diet (both browsing and grazing), with their diet varying according to the seasons. While many studies have suggested that B. latifrons went extinct around or before 20,000 years ago, a 2022 study reported remains from South Texas dating to around 13,000 years Before Present. Pressure from human hunting may have played a role in the extinction of B. latifrons. © The Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Alberta 🇨🇦 #archaeohistories