Cor Nouws ❌🌞🍀

Another one on the geologic methane bomb - this time geologic CO2 in the Antarctic (did not know that this existed) Here we have measurements in a valley in Antarctica - first impression highly non-linear but way too short data, so... Discussion The increase in CO2 emissions documented in the Taylor Valley suggests that changes in subsurface hydrological connectivity may influence the upward migration of deep carbon. Active subglacial lakes and drainage systems redistribute basal water and sediment, and may provide pathways for gases mobilized from sub-ice sedimentary basins (Siegert et al., 2016; Wadham et al., 2012). If CO2 and CH4 stored in subglacial waters, sedimentary reservoirs, or hydrates are periodically released through pressure-driven drainage, carbon-rich fluids may migrate toward coastal and ice-free soils where surface degassing occurs. Such a mechanism would be consistent with the stable-isotope evidence for a geogenic contribution to the measured fluxes and suggests that Antarctic subglacial hydrology may influence the transport of geological carbon toward the atmosphere. However, the present data set does not directly resolve the pathways linking deep reservoirs to individual surface anomalies. The first evidence for this process emerged in the Taylor Valley during the 2020 austral summer, where surveys across a 21.6 km2 area recorded daily emissions of 15 t CO2 (Ruggiero et al., 2023). Isotopic and noble gas signatures indicated a thermogenic contribution consistent with degassing from carbon-rich sub-permafrost brines migrating upward through fracture networks beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (Romano et al., 2024; Ruggiero et al., 2023). In 2023, the estimated emission rate from the broader survey area was 82.8 t CO2 d−1. The five nested areas surveyed in 2025 covered a combined area of 2.2 km2 and yielded an integrated emission rate of 21.3 t CO2 d−1, equivalent to an areal emission density of 9.68 t CO2 km−2 d−1. Although the denser 2025 grid improved spatial characterization within the selected subareas, the campaign differed from the broader 2020 and 2023 surveys in both spatial extent and sampling design. To place the measured emissions in a broader spatial context without treating the three campaigns as a predictive time series, Figure 5 compares campaign-specific areal emission densities and conditional annualized scaling scenarios. The derived emission density increased from 0.69 t CO2 km−2 d−1 in 2020 to 3.83 t CO2 km−2 d−1 in 2023 and 9.68 t CO2 km−2 d−1 in 2025. Under the assumption that these rates apply uniformly and persist throughout the year, scaling to the approximately 4,500 km2 ice-free area of the MDVs yields conditional values of 1.14, 6.30, and 15.90 Mt CO2 yr−1, respectively. Application to 21,745 km2 of mapped Antarctic ice-free terrain yields conditional values of approximately 5.5, 30.4, and 76.8 Mt CO2 yr−1. "Rapid Increase in Geogenic CO2 Emissions from Antarctic Permafrost"; agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.…

THE FISHERMAN'S FAMILY. Dad, dad.... We are hungry, we are hungry! We were waiting for you to come back, we were waiting for you to bring fish for us. Did you have a good catch, dad? Tell us! Children, children, I am sorry, the catch was small. The net that I spread in the sea didn't catch so many fish. Children, I am sorry, but this is all that I can bring to you today. Dad, is it so little? But we are hungry. We are hungry, dad, why can't you bring more fish for us from the sea? Children, children, I threw my net in the sea many times, but there is not so much fish anymore in the sea because there are many fishermen and all of them have hungry children. And all of them try to catch as much fish as they can. And if we fish too much, there is not much fish left in the sea. But everyone does the same and if I don't do that, too, the fish that's left will be caught by the other fishermen. So, children, this is the catch that I bought today, and I know that it is not enough. But that is what I could do today and I cannot tell you that I will do better tomorrow. And that's the way of the fisherman. THE FARMER'S FAMILY Dad, dad.... Mom gave us some bread, but it was not so much and we are still hungry. And we saw that there is still grain stored in the house. Why can't we have that grain milled and use the flour to make some good bread for us, dad? Children, children, I know that you are hungry and I know that there is still grain in the house. But, children, we cannot eat that grain. Your mom is giving you as much bread as she can, and I know that it is little. But you must go on with what mom can give you and ask no more. But, dad, why can't we eat that grain that's kept stored in the house? Tell us, dad, because we don't understand this. We can't eat that grain, children, because it the seed for the next harvest. Soon, we'll go sowing in the fields and we'll sow that grain as seed. And the seed that we sow will germinate and produce more grain, and that grain we will harvest and we will have bread for next year. And we'll keep some of the grain we harvest for the year that will follow and we'll keep doing that for the years that will come as our father and grandfathers did, and as you will do yourselves and for your children and their children. And that's the way of the farmer. cassandralegacy.blogspot.com…