New essay on the closure of the Internet, the mass censorship campaign that transformed every platform and the Internet as a whole from free and open to a closely monitored playpen 2015-2022. Longer than usual, around 27,000 words, so maybe best read in multiple sittings. Link in next post. Before 2015, the Western Internet was almost entirely free and open, except for actual criminal activity. Internet censorship was opposed by the major relevant institutions and seen as something distinctive to authoritarian states like Russia and China. Then within just a few years, every major platform (I cover YouTube, Reddit, Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, Wikipedia, and Google Search, as well as more general deplatforming of websites, forums and open source projects, and comments sections) created a colossal censorship apparatus with tens of thousands of human moderators, opaque and ever-shifting rules, and an entirely new field of machine learning spun up ex-nihilo.