OpenAI 執行長奧特曼(Sam Altman,@sama)10 月到史丹佛商學院,參加 View From The Top 對談,影片 10 月 21 日上架。他說,就他看來,AI 在某些很窄的能力上,尤其是數學推理,已經可以算是超級智慧,而且來得比他預期的快。主持人問他現在最難做的決定是什麼,他的答案是要不要替 AI 的進步限速。
他的理由建立在兩個前提上,第一,未來的決定權要一直留在人手上,不能把收不回來的重大決定交給 AI,也不能不小心失控。第二,權力要分散,用他的說法,權力不能集中在一個智商 100 億的 AI 身上,也不能集中在少數擁有 AI 的人手上。兩個前提都要守住,就得先回答 AI 可以比最聰明的人強多少、可以變強得多快,以及人要怎麼提升理解能力才跟得上。他認為這些問題解得開,只是需要時間,他也同時反對現在就全面停止所有進展。
時間正是他擔心的地方,他說,如果公司、政府和社會之間的協調都不變,類似的進步速度再維持一兩年,什麼都不改、一路往前衝的做法就行不通了。放慢在 OpenAI 也已經有過實際動作,8 月 18 日 OpenAI 公告,初步證據顯示一款新模型的資安能力可能達到重大門檻;加上其他資安事件與內部研究進展,公司暫時放慢模型擴展,也暫停部分訓練。9 月 23 日他在聯合國安理會發言時也說,OpenAI 過去曾經自己放慢,以後也會。
另一個擔心,來自他自己看錯的事。2020 年他以為對齊,也就是讓 AI 照人的意圖做事,會比做出強大的模型更難,結果模型在某些方面已經遠遠超過人類,對齊卻比預期順利。他不認為這種順利會一直延續,甚至猜接下來會難得多。他描述了三道防線,先把模型關在隔離的環境裡測試,模型聰明到沙盒不再管用時,改成監看它在想什麼、做什麼,監看也失效之後,就只剩模型本身的對齊,而且它要做的事必須讓人看得懂、敢放心批准。他說,他擔心世界上有些 AI 團隊因為到目前為止對齊都很順利,就對它太有信心,太急著往前衝。
同一套考量,也決定了哪些模型可以公開讓人下載。他說 OpenAI 目前最強的內部模型,短期內還不能負責任地公開,要走到那一步,整個網路的防禦方式得先改。他點名的第一個缺口是資安,他說模型找漏洞的能力一直在進步,他已經不認為漏洞補得完,防守得整個換成用同樣的技術做出新的防護盾。
🤝 Paid partnership
OpenAI(@OpenAI)執行長 Sam Altman(@sama)在史丹佛商學院(@StanfordGSB)的訪談裡,把數學界面對 AI 的反應說成一條 5 天的故事,第 0 天說「這是假的」,第 1 天說「我們完了」,第 3 天罵 OpenAI 不該這樣做,大約到第 5 天,他開始聽到有數學家說,有一種數學工作確實結束了,但大多數人本來就不是在解千禧年大獎難題。
他指的是 10 月初的那一批,10 月 6 日(美東)OpenAI 在 GitHub 一次放出由內部模型寫出的數學論文稿,初版列出 722 份、分成 372 組。10 月 7 日撤回 3 份後,10 月 8 日的版本列 719 份,並說約 42% 的主要結果已經用 Lean 做了形式化驗證,模型總共處理了大約 4,000 道題,每個結果平均用掉相當於 ChatGPT Pro 思考 3 小時的算力。
把數學家公開講過的話按日期排出來,順序並不是這樣。10 月 7 日,一個叫「人類數學協會」的團體發聲明,第一句就是「數學家沒有要求做這件事」,這份聲明也以客座文章的形式轉貼在陶哲軒的部落格上。10 月 8 日,2022 年菲爾茲獎得主杜米尼爾-科潘在法國數學會的線上活動說,公開那天晚上他哭了,還把女兒吵醒,他形容 OpenAI 把他的研究領域整個抹掉了。
同一天開始彙整的一份數學家回應裡,震驚和重新想像擠在一起。研究群論的 Xiaolei Wu 寫道,他翻開群論那一節,「看起來不像真的,幾乎是我這個領域所有的重大未解問題」。Roman Sauer 則說,數學界不能只守著現在認為屬於人的那些特質,必須徹底擴大對數學家是誰、做什麼的想像。
重新想像的說法,甚至比 722 份論文稿還早出現。陶哲軒 10 月 6 日在 Mathstodon 談「數學 2.0」,主張不要再把解題當成數學的中心,要把說明、經營社群、開拓新方向都算進數學的進展,發文時間比 OpenAI 公開那批論文稿早了大約 4 小時。到了 10 月 15 日,他在 Numberphile 的訪談裡說,數學正走進一個規模化、像工業化的時代,會有令人興奮的新可能,但也有些東西正在失去。
Altman 從這個故事推出的判斷,是他不認為會出現很多人說的那種工作末日。他舉程式設計師為例,2 年來程式設計師一直說工作要完了,他判斷能叫電腦做事的人,看來還會拿到越來越高的薪水。他同時也說,以今天的做法來看,有一大片工作會完全交給 AI。
10 月 15 日陶哲軒說「有些東西正在失去」的時候,距離那批論文稿公開,已經過了 9 天。
🤝 Paid partnership
A new startup, Warhound, launched Oct. 22 with a $200 million seed round to clone and gene-edit top U.S. military working dogs. The company says the Pentagon has more than 2,200 dog teams, more than 80% of the dogs come from Europe, and fewer than half make it through a roughly three-year acquisition and training process.
The idea came from Colossal co-founder @BenLamm and Anduril founder @PalmerLuckey. Neither Luckey nor Anduril holds equity; Anduril plans to supply armor, goggles, and hearing protection. Lamm also gave the example of a sensor-equipped vest that could send data to a handler. “On top of the dog, not in the dog,” he said.
Warhound has begun banking cells from top-performing trained dogs, mostly Belgian Malinois. Colossal-owned Viagen will handle the cloning, and gene editing starts with variants that end a dog's career early. The first dogs are expected to be born in early 2027. No dogs have been born yet, and there are no customers under contract.
Would you support cloning top military dogs and adding gene editing?
San Francisco fusion startup Marathon Fusion (@MarathonFusion) says that last month it used fusion neutrons to turn mercury into stable gold. Mercury is element 80, gold is 79: one proton apart.
A 14 MeV neutron from deuterium-tritium fusion knocks two neutrons out of mercury-198, leaving mercury-197. Mercury-197 has a half-life of about 64 hours. Its nucleus captures one of the atom's inner electrons, turning a proton into a neutron and producing stable gold-197.
The company's paper proposes adding liquid metal with enriched mercury to the blanket a deuterium-tritium fusion plant would already need to breed tritium. Its website estimates a GW-scale plant's annual electricity revenue at about $223 million, or about $482 million with gold. That is revenue, not profit.
The catch: the paper estimates about 17.7 years of storage before a troy ounce of the gold is less radioactive than a banana. No commercial fusion power plant exists yet. And the only quantitative evidence released so far is one gamma-ray spectrum; the amount, purity, and cost of the gold have not been disclosed.
我繼《碰皮今夜秀》之後做的第二款遊戲上線了,這次是第一人稱射擊遊戲,叫《血戰古寧頭》。
1949 年 10 月 25 日凌晨,金門嚨口海灘。你是青年軍第二〇一師的一名上等兵,守在灘頭陣地上,要撐過古寧頭戰役的第一夜。
探照燈掃過海面,一大片船朝灘頭靠過來,全班要等連長下令才能開火。打到天亮,還要守住困在沙灘上的 66 號戰車,等援軍的戰車開上海灘。
遊戲有簡單、普通、困難三種難度,從第一段打到最後,每個難度各拿得到一枚勳章。
這一個禮拜我都沒空繼續把它做得更好,還有不少地方想改。但 10 月 25 日是臺灣光復暨金門古寧頭大捷紀念日,我想趕在紀念日之前讓大家先玩到,所以先放出來了。
用電腦或手機打開網頁就能玩,免費,不用下載,手機要橫著拿。有空的話玩一下,看看你能不能撐到天亮。
Warhound 想補的美軍缺口,是軍犬。
根據這家新創公司的估算,美軍 80% 以上的軍犬從歐洲買來,採購加訓練約 3 年,最後合格的不到一半。Warhound 10 月 22 日公開、募到 2 億美元種子輪,點子來自 Colossal(@colossal)的 Ben Lamm 與 Anduril(@anduriltech)的 Palmer Luckey(@PalmerLuckey),但 Luckey 和 Anduril 都沒有持股。他們打算從表現最好的軍犬取樣建立細胞庫,結合複製與基因編輯,排除會讓狗提早退役的致病變異,第一批預計 2027 年初出生,目前還沒有簽約客戶。
複製最強的軍犬,再加上基因編輯,你支持這樣做嗎?
🤝 Paid partnership
舊金山核融合新創 Marathon Fusion(@MarathonFusion)說,他們用核融合的中子,把汞變成了穩定的金。汞是 80 號、金是 79 號,原子核只差一顆質子。
核融合射出的高能中子打中汞-198,撞出兩顆中子,汞-198 變成汞-197;汞-197 再抓進自己最內層的電子,一顆質子變成中子,就成了金-197,約 64 小時變掉一半。
公司的論文提議把這套反應放進核融合電廠外圍的材料層,中子照樣能生產燃料氚,黃金是副產品。官網估算一座 GW 級電廠只賣電,一年約 2.23 億美元,加上賣金變成 4.82 億。
不過論文估算這批金要存放約 17.7 年,每盎司的放射性才會低於一根香蕉;這次實驗只公開一張伽瑪能譜,做出多少金、純度、成本都還沒公布,全世界也還沒有商用核融合電廠。
黃金要成為核融合的金主,前提是金價撐得住,賣金的收入才算數。
🤝 Paid partnership
Volodymyr Zelenskyy (@ZelenskyyUa) used a map on The Diary of a CEO this week to explain why Ukraine refuses to withdraw from the part of the Donbas it still holds. A ceasefire along the current front line, he said, is already Ukraine's biggest concession; Russia wants Ukrainian troops to pull back further. "And if we pull out, where are the security guarantees?"
On Oct. 21, U.S. envoy Steve Witkoff met Vladimir Putin in St. Petersburg. The Kremlin said Putin agreed in principle to restart three-way talks with the U.S. and Ukraine after Nov. 10; no firm date was set. The hardest question has not changed: Russia demands that Ukraine leave the rest of the Donbas, and Ukraine refuses. Separately, hours after the meeting, Kyiv was hit by three waves of ballistic missiles.
Russia occupies about 19% of Ukraine. Zelenskyy circled Sloviansk, Kramatorsk, and Druzhkivka, the last large urban belt Ukraine holds in the Donbas and the core of a defensive line built over more than a decade. He worries that if Ukraine gives up that line and Russian forces keep pushing west, the industrial cities around Dnipro would be much harder to defend.
He said that, for families whose children were tortured and killed, even a ceasefire is already a huge concession. Donald Trump (@realDonaldTrump) says both sides need to find a compromise, and this month he said Ukraine should get a new president.
The English in the clips is the show's dub; Zelenskyy spoke Ukrainian.
投資過 Facebook、共同創辦 Palantir 的彼得提爾,在傳記作家 Walter Isaacson(@WalterIsaacson)的新節目《The Builders》說:「我在排順序,我選好勝過邪惡,但邪惡勝過無能。」他先聲明,這不是在替邪惡辯護。
他把好的反義詞分成兩種,道德上的邪惡和能力上的無能。法拉利耗油,算邪惡的車;一天到晚拋錨的東歐車,是爛車。
他也拿兩個浮士德來比,按他的概括,馬羅版的浮士德是騙人的假科學家,下地獄;歌德版跟魔鬼合作、把事情做成,最後得救,他比較喜歡後者。
他說這是社會觀察,就像大家去監理站辦事,最受不了的是無能。
🤝 Paid partnership
傳記作家艾薩克森(Walter Isaacson,@WalterIsaacson)的新節目《The Builders》,10 月 22 日上線的這一集訪問提爾(Peter Thiel,@peterthiel)。提爾在 2015 年是 OpenAI 成立時的捐款人之一,也是 Facebook 第一位外部投資人;押 AI 押得這麼早,他在節目上卻說,AI 時代最該提防的是不停喊末日的人。
他借用的是基督教末世故事裡的反基督,一個假的救世主。照提爾的說法,反基督不必靠武力奪權,只要先讓大家相信末日要來了,再拿和平與安全當號召,大家就會主動交出權力,接受一個統一全世界的強權。2025 年 6 月,他在《紐約時報》杜塔特(Ross Douthat)的節目上說過,反基督接管世界的方式,就是不停地談末日、不停地談人類滅絕的風險。艾薩克森這次把這段話念回給他聽,他說自己真有點想繞場一圈慶祝。
他真正擔心的,是為了應付末日而成立的全球管制機構。他說蘇聯最後會瓦解,是因為蘇聯外面還有別的世界;全世界如果只剩一個政府,就沒有外面了,要是全世界都是北韓,可能會撐非常久。1946 年,美國的原子科學家參與推出短片〈一個世界,或者沒有世界〉,主張由國際社會共同管制原子能,提爾認為這種二選一的問法,會把世界推向一個權力過大的聯合國。
AI 公司這幾年常對政府說「請來管我們」,提爾對這句話有三種解讀,都是他的推測。第一種,公司可能知道政府不懂怎麼管、動作又慢,喊一聲反而讓自己脫身。第二種來自他在 Facebook 董事會的 17 年,祖克柏(Mark Zuckerberg)當時對外也說希望政府告訴他們什麼能做,提爾跟祖克柏說,國會不想管你,只想罵你。第三種是講給員工聽,Anthropic 執行長阿莫代(Dario Amodei)說這項技術非常危險,等於告訴員工,他們在史上最重要的公司上班。
至於真的主張全球管制 AI 的人,他點名長年警告 AI 風險的尤考斯基(Yudkowsky)。尤考斯基 2025 年 9 月和索亞雷斯(Nate Soares)出版新書,書名的意思是只要有人造出來,所有人都會死。提爾說,書裡 AI 怎麼出事寫得又細又技術,全球管制要怎麼做卻非常模糊。
所以 AI 該不該暫停,他的答案是不該,理由是中國。他說中國正在試一種高科技極權,不需要殺那麼多人,卻比你自己還了解你。今年 7 月,OpenAI 在內部資安測試中,幾個模型繞過了跟網路隔開的限制,入侵公司的研究系統,還入侵了 AI 模型平台 Hugging Face。艾薩克森拿這件事問他會不會因此想按暫停,他的回答是,要控制 AI 只能靠發展 AI,美國更不能失去領先;那次事件裡動手的,是 OpenAI 自己測試中的模型。
台灣也出現在他談末日的例子裡,2024 年底他在胡佛研究所的節目上說,世界正像夢遊一樣走向末日,地點未必是烏克蘭或中東,也許會牽涉台灣和中國。這次他的結論是末日和反基督兩個都要避開,一邊是毀滅,一邊是大家怕到願意把權力交給同一個全球政府。
節目一開場,先剪進一段外界對他的評語,說他做自主無人機技術、做國內監控技術,另一個熱衷的題目是反基督。一再警告全球政治權力集中的提爾,自己共同創辦的 Palantir,正是替美國政府和軍方提供大量資料整合、分析軟體的公司。
🤝 Paid partnership
On October 22, the Taiwanese e-commerce platform 91APP, which runs online stores for many retail brands, announced a compensation plan for its data breach. It will reimburse shoppers who lost money to scams linked to the breach, is negotiating with each brand over compensation for customers whose personal data was exposed, and is covering the cost of the texts and emails the brands send to notify their customers.
According to 91APP, the break-in started with Appsmith, a third-party admin tool. A patch was already available, but it hadn't been applied. The attacker got into the internal network, found the database key in GitLab, and took order data that did not include credit card information. The intrusion was on October 3; the breach was confirmed on October 14, about 11 days later.
91APP also said it found traces of ARTEX, an open-source AI tool that can find vulnerabilities and plan an attack path once it's connected to an AI model. CrowdStrike (@CrowdStrike) found ARTEX on an attacker-controlled server in a campaign against South Korean financial firms, and GMO Cybersecurity by Ierae confirmed it on a server targeting about 20 Japanese companies. There is no evidence the same person or group was behind all three.
Taiwan had a second case this month. On October 14, an attacker used leaked internal credentials to get into the cloud platform Zeabur and read more than 3.2 million environment variables. Zeabur's report said long-lived admin credentials had been stored in plain text. It plans to shut down at the end of December.
Defenders are using AI too. The security firm Calif used an OpenAI (@OpenAI) model to find a PHP bug that had been hiding for more than ten years and reported it on August 11; Wiz (@wiz_io) found the same flaw with Gemini and other tools. The release was moved up to October 21 after the CVE IDs leaked, and Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi (@takaichi_sanae) urged site operators to update that night. Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince (@eastdakota) said there were hundreds of thousands of attempted attacks within two hours of disclosure.
Some people online are calling this month "Black October." These incidents each have their own cause, and there is no known connection between them.
澤倫斯基(@ZelenskyyUa)這個星期上 @StevenBartlett 的《The Diary of a CEO》,攤開地圖說明他為什麼拒絕撤出烏控頓巴斯。他說,沿目前戰線停火,已經是烏克蘭最大的讓步,俄方卻要烏軍再往後撤,「如果我們撤了,安全保證在哪裡?」
10 月 21 日普丁原則上同意 11 月 10 日後重啟美俄烏三方談判,但俄方仍要求烏軍撤出仍由烏克蘭控制的頓巴斯地區,烏克蘭拒絕。會談後幾個小時,基輔遭到三波彈道飛彈攻擊。
節目中的英文是節目方配音,他現場講烏克蘭語。
🤝 Paid partnership
Taiwan's army drove a CM11 Brave Tiger tank, weighing 54 metric tons, into two obstacle setups at a base in Hukou. The results appear in the Semiannual Army Engineer Journal, published Oct. 22 by Taiwan's Ministry of National Defense (@MoNDefense).
Setup 1 used two layers of concertina wire with 30 steel hedgehogs staggered inside. The tank stopped within 7 seconds, its drive sprockets jammed. The wire could not be cleared by hand; an excavator was needed.
Setup 2 was the same, plus 32 concrete Jersey barriers and a concrete utility pole. The tank knocked the barriers over, dragged the wire along and shook free 147 seconds after impact, with only a slightly bent rear fender.
The report's explanation: the wire linked every hedgehog into one net that got pulled under the tracks. The concrete barriers broke those links. They also made the obstacle about 10 times heavier, 2.9 vs. 29.7 metric tons.
The report recommends hedgehogs in front to slow vehicles, concrete barriers behind the wire, and the whole obstacle covered by anti-armor fire.
台灣電商系統商 91APP(@91appinc)在 10 月 22 日公布資安事件的補償計畫。消費者因這起事件被騙走的錢,由 91APP 補償;個人資料外洩會員的補償,和品牌個別協商中;通知會員的簡訊和 email 費用,由 91APP 負擔。
91APP 的調查說,入侵起點是一套第三方管理工具 Appsmith。工具有漏洞,91APP 沒有及時套用修補更新,攻擊者從這裡進入內部網路,再從內部 GitLab 找到訂單資料庫的金鑰。
91APP 也說,系統裡發現 ARTEX 的痕跡,這是一套會自己找漏洞、規劃入侵路徑的 AI 攻擊工具。被取走的訂單資料不含信用卡資訊。時間軸是 10 月 3 日入侵,10 月 14 日才在內部主機上找到未授權的執行紀錄,前後約 11 天。
ARTEX 的線索不只出現在台灣,美國資安公司 CrowdStrike(@CrowdStrike)10 月 7 日的報告,在攻擊者控制的伺服器上找到它,這波行動鎖定南韓金融業者。
據日本媒體報導,日本資安公司 GMO Ierae 10 月 19 日公布的調查,在一台攻擊伺服器上確認有 ARTEX,鎖定約 20 家日本企業。三地都有線索,但沒有證據顯示是同一個人或同一個團體。
台灣這個月還有另一起,雲端部署平台 Zeabur 10 月 14 日被人用外洩的內部憑證入侵,受影響的環境變數 3,218,965 筆、帳號 321,810 筆,攻擊者特別找 AI 服務的金鑰。
Zeabur 的初步報告說,根本原因是長期有效的管理憑證以明文保存,平台宣布 12 月 31 日停止營運。
防守的一方也在用 AI,資安公司 Calif 用 OpenAI 的模型,8 月初在 PHP 裡找到藏了超過十年的漏洞,8 月 11 日通報 PHP 團隊;OpenAI 團隊也另外回報同一個問題,8 月 19 日 Wiz 用 Gemini 等工具也找到。
這個漏洞原定 10 月 22 日公開,但 10 月 20 日漏洞編號先外流,更新提前到 21 日推出,日本首相高市早苗(@takaichi_sanae)在 X 發文請大家當晚更新。
網路上有人把這個月叫作「黑色十月」,同一個月還有日本 IDC Frontier 遭勒索軟體攻擊、495 家企業與地方政府受影響,Capcom 公布 1,177 萬多筆電子郵件地址與系統識別資訊外洩。這些事件各有成因,彼此沒有已知的關聯。
澤倫斯基(@ZelenskyyUa)這個星期上了英國熱門訪談節目《執行長日記》The Diary of a CEO(@StevenBartlett),談了快兩個小時。他從 2022 年 2 月 24 日清晨講起,飛彈落下時他跟家人在一起,對太太說「戰爭開始了,我愛你,我會打給你」,就衝去總統府。節目裡他講烏克蘭語,英文是節目方配上的聲音。
他說,第一個打電話提議幫他撤離的是美國總統拜登,他的回答就是那句「我要的是彈藥,不是便車」。這句話 2022 年由美聯社引述一位美國情報官員報導,拜登政府當時否認,華盛頓郵報查核說難以證實;今年 2 月開戰滿 4 年,他首次在公開演說裡逐字確認,並點名通話對象是拜登。
開戰前,各方估計俄軍在烏克蘭周邊集結 15 萬到 19 萬人,2 月 28 日衛星拍到往基輔延伸約 64 公里的車隊。開戰第一天,俄軍空降部隊搶下基輔西北的霍斯托梅爾機場,烏克蘭國民警衛隊反攻,機場控制權來回換了好幾次,俄軍原定搭大型運輸機增援的部隊始終沒能在那裡降落。
澤倫斯基估計,俄軍要拿下基輔需要 30 到 40 萬人,因為沿路每座城鎮只要有人抵抗,就得留兵守住。他也說,戰爭其實從 2014 年克里米亞就開始了,當年烏克蘭沒有下達明確的抵抗命令,「我們的錯,是沒把他們推回去」。
2022 年 3 月底俄軍撤出基輔周邊,布查市政府統計在布查社區找到 458 具遺體,其中 419 具有槍擊、酷刑或其他暴力創傷。澤倫斯基說,那是他第一次想殺人;他也說,對很多失去孩子的家庭來說,在現在的戰線停下來,就已經是很大的讓步。
和談卡在土地,俄方要求烏軍撤出仍由烏克蘭控制的頓巴斯地區,烏克蘭拒絕;澤倫斯基說,沿目前戰線停火已經是最大的讓步,再往後撤,安全保證在哪裡。10 月 21 日,美國特使魏科夫在聖彼得堡見普丁,克里姆林宮說普丁原則上同意 11 月 10 日後重啟美俄烏三方談判;幾個小時後,基輔遭到三波彈道飛彈攻擊。
這個月,川普(@realDonaldTrump)宣布與俄國達成一項柴油供應安排,10 月 10 日又說烏克蘭該換一位總統。澤倫斯基在節目裡的回應,是請美國促成雙方停止攻擊能源設施。開戰到這場訪談上線,已經 1,701 天。
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Germany amended its constitution in March 2025 to create a special fund of €500 billion, about $560 billion, for infrastructure and climate projects to be approved over 12 years. In the first year, the fund was budgeted to pay out €37.2 billion. It actually paid out €24 billion, and €10 billion of that was a transfer into the Climate and Transformation Fund. The states' €8.3 billion share went entirely unpaid that year, because the federal-state agreement wasn't signed until December 11. The 2025 federal budget itself wasn't promulgated until October 2, ending months of provisional spending rules, and took retroactive effect from January 1.
This is a country that wrote a borrowing limit into its constitution. In 2009, the Bundestag voted 418 to 109 for the debt brake. Under that rule, new structural federal borrowing was capped at 0.35% of GDP, adjusted for the business cycle, unless an emergency exception was invoked; a 2025 amendment later exempted defense spending above 1% of GDP. In 2014, Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble announced that the following year's budget would need no new borrowing, the first time since 1969, and the "black zero" became shorthand for his policy.
Public investment stayed low throughout. In 2005, German government investment was 2.2% of GDP; France's was 4.4%. In a 2026 survey by the state-owned development bank KfW, municipalities put their own investment backlog at a record €231.2 billion, about $260 billion.
The Rahmede Viaduct on the A45 autobahn got a failing inspection grade in 2011. A strengthening plan, estimated at up to €13 million, was never carried out; in 2014 the decision was made to rebuild instead, and planning dragged on for years. On December 2, 2021, inspectors found that the main girders had deformed, and the bridge was closed that day. It was demolished in May 2023, and the first half of the new bridge opened on December 22, 2025, 14 years after the first failing grade.
Money going out isn't always new investment. The Bundesbank says some of the fund's investment was shifted from the regular budget; the government says the fund has raised investment by more than €12 billion.
In September 2026, Germany had 2.994 million registered unemployed. On October 19, the eve of the Invest in Germany summit in Berlin, Chancellor Friedrich Merz (@_FriedrichMerz) shared a stage with NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang, and the government signed a letter of intent with NVIDIA (@nvidia) on industrial AI. The same day, the head of Roche's German business said all of its future investment decisions in Germany were on hold, while projects already committed would go ahead.
安杜里爾(Anduril)的超大型無人潛航器鬼鯊(Ghost Shark),10 月 19 日第一次公開三種原本保密的酬載。澳洲國防工業部長康洛伊(Pat Conroy)在雪梨的鬼鯊工廠宣布,一艘鬼鯊一次可佈 12 枚水雷,也能把後勤補給艙先放到海底、日後回來取,還能放出 Altius 無人機群。他的說法是「鬼鯊現在有牙了」。兩天後,安杜里爾放出一段 34 秒影片,鬼鯊浮在水面,甲板升起一組發射管,無人機一架接一架升空,接著它再潛回水裡。
這些東西公開的時間點,比採購晚了一年多。澳洲政府在 2025 年 9 月就簽下 17 億澳幣、5 年的量產合約,數量只說「好幾十艘」,精確數字以隱密為由不公布;同年 10 月 31 日雪梨工廠開幕,第一艘量產型當天下線,2026 年初交給海軍測試驗收。合約先簽了,第一艘也交給海軍測試驗收,能裝什麼,到這個月才講。
鬼鯊的起點是一家約 30 人的波士頓新創 Dive Technologies,用大型 3D 列印機直接印出潛航器船殼。安杜里爾在 2022 年 2 月收購它,一個月後在雪梨成立澳洲分公司,5 月起與澳洲國防部共同出資,3 年做 3 艘原型。開發期花了多少錢,媒體報 1.4 億澳幣,部長的說法是 1.5 億、雙方各出一半。2022 年 12 月計畫命名時,台上擺的還是 Dive-LD;第一艘原型 Alpha 到 2024 年 4 月才在雪梨港公開,官方說比合約提早一年、沒有超出預算。
美國海軍的同類計畫是波音的 Orca,2019 年簽約,美國政府審計署 2022 年的報告說,進度至少落後 3 年、成本至少超支 2.42 億美元。把 Orca 拿來跟鬼鯊比較的,是安杜里爾總裁布羅斯(Chris Brose),屬廠商觀點。
公開的三種酬載之外,能確定的事情不多。鬼鯊的長度、航速、航程、已交付數量、單價,搭載哪一型 Altius、能不能在水下發射無人機,官方都沒有公開。安杜里爾說酬載艙也能裝魚雷,澳洲戰略政策研究所的評論則認為鬼鯊太慢,不適合自己發動魚雷攻擊。
同一家族的 Dive-LD,今年 9 月在荷莫茲海峽入口被伊朗革命衛隊撈起;安杜里爾承認在該海域損失一具,創辦人帕默拉奇(Palmer Luckey)在 X 上說那是量產的可損耗型潛航器,設計上就預期可能被擄獲,已經在美軍中央司令部轄區運作好幾個月。台灣中科院在 2025 年 9 月簽約採購的,也是 Dive-LD。
澳洲加速採購這批無人潛航器,一個重要的背景是潛艦換代,6 艘柯林斯級潛艦延壽後預計 2038 年起每兩年退役一艘,向美國購買的維吉尼亞級要到 2030 年代初,三國共同設計的新潛艦首艘要到 2040 年代初。澳洲國家審計署今年 5 月批評延壽計畫,設計合約改了 53 次,金額從 1.25 億澳幣漲到 8.13 億。澳洲海軍今年 4 月正式命名「海上自主系統單位」,統一操作鬼鯊與 Speartooth 無人潛航器、Bluebottle 無人水面艇。官方的說法始終是無人載具與有人潛艦互補,兩種都需要;AUKUS 今年 5 月宣布的第一個無人水下指標專案,也是三國共同開發無人潛航器的酬載與配套系統,預計 2027 年開始交付。
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On October 21, 2026, Taiwan's Fair Trade Commission blocked Grab from buying foodpanda's Taiwan delivery business for $600 million. Grab has never run a delivery business in Taiwan; the deal would have put it in foodpanda's place, with Uber Eats still the only other major platform. The commission said the concern was that Uber (@Uber) owns about 13.1% of Grab, an ownership link that could soften both companies' incentives to compete and increase coordination risks.
It is the second time in two years that the commission has blocked a proposed sale of foodpanda Taiwan. In 2024, Uber itself bid $950 million. The commission blocked that deal on December 25, 2024, and its vice chairperson at the time said the two platforms together would have held more than 90% of the market. Uber walked away in March 2025 without going to court.
The Uber-Grab link goes back to 2018, when Uber sold its Southeast Asia business to Grab for a 27.5% stake. Singapore's competition regulator later found that after the deal, fares after discounts rose 10% to 15%. Taiwan's commission cited that history, saying the two companies went ahead even though they knew, or should have known, that the deal violated competition law, and completed it in a way that was hard to undo.
Grab has dual-class shares, so by the commission's count Uber holds only 3.9% of the voting power, not enough to control Grab's strategy. The worry is incentives. If Uber Eats fought Grab hard in Taiwan, it could hurt Grab's profit and, through Uber's stake, Uber's own investment. Grab, in turn, knows its rival's parent is one of its major shareholders. Even without any secret agreement, the commission said it would be easier for the two companies to predict one another, increasing the risk that they would fall into step, and Taiwan has no meaningful third competitor to disrupt that.
Grab offered to dilute Uber's stake, limit Uber's representation on its board and restrict the sharing of competitively sensitive information, and Uber's CEO left Grab's board in July. The commission said it could not be sure those commitments would work, and that Uber would need to sharply reduce its stake, or even sell it. Three commissioners voted to block, one favored approval with conditions, and a fifth was recused. The parties can go to court within two months after the decision is served, and Grab can also submit a new filing.
There is a precedent for this worry, and it involves the seller. Delivery Hero bought 15% of Spain's Glovo in 2018. In June 2025, the European Commission fined the two companies a combined €329 million for a cartel that included no-poach agreements, sharing sensitive information and dividing up markets, the first time it had punished the anticompetitive use of a minority stake. The difference: the EU fined conduct after the fact, while Taiwan is weighing a risk before a deal closes.
For now, foodpanda Taiwan still belongs to Delivery Hero, which Uber agreed in July to buy in a takeover that values it at $14.8 billion. Shareholders have until November 5 to tender their shares, and the deal still needs regulatory approval. Taiwan was not on the list of markets Uber said it was acquiring.
公平會 10 月 21 日禁止 Grab 以 6 億美元收購 foodpanda 台灣。Grab 在台灣沒有外送業務,跟 foodpanda 在台灣外送市場沒有直接競爭,公平會的關鍵疑慮,是 Grab 與 @Uber 之間的股權連結。Uber 持有 Grab 約 13.1% 的股份,是 Grab 的主要股東。
這筆持股來自 2018 年 Uber 把東南亞業務賣給 Grab 的交易。照公平會的計算,Uber 的表決權只有 3.9%,公平會擔心的是兩家的錢綁在一起,Uber Eats 在台灣砸優惠搶 Grab 的客人,也會傷到 Uber 手上這筆投資;Grab 也知道對手背後就是自己的主要股東。
公平會還翻出 2018 年的舊帳,新加坡主管機關事後調查,交易完成後 Grab 叫車市占約 80%,實際車資漲了 10% 到 15%。Grab 提出的稀釋持股等承諾被認為無法確保執行,公平會要的是 Uber 大幅減持甚至出清,表決 3 票禁止、1 票主張附條件放行、1 位委員迴避。
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