Orange juice > Lowers insulin > Lowers blood sugar > Lowers inflammation > Improves insulin sensitivity Drinking more than 500ml/day was associated with a greater reduction in insulin resistance and blood sugar. Meta-analysis of ten RCTs. “The current meta-analysis on available RCTs suggested that orange juice consumption might have beneficial effects on glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and CRP levels compared to control groups. However, the effects of orange juice on body composition factors and other cardiovascular risk factors were not significant compared to the control group. These lowering effects of glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were robust in subgroups with orange juice consumption ≥500 ml/day.” PMID: 33350317 Orange juice lowers blood pressure. The effect is partly due to its hesperedin content, as adding more hesperedin to orange juice further reduces blood pressure. “Hesperidin in orange juice reduces systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure after sustained consumption, and after a single dose, the chronic consumption of hesperidin-enriched OJ enhances its postprandial effect. Decreases in systemic and transcriptomic biomarkers were concomitant with BP and PP changes. Hesperidin-enriched OJ could be a useful co-adjuvant tool for BP and PP management in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals.” 500 mL/day. The hesperidin-enriched OJ was equivalent to 1L/day. PMID: 32661681 Orange juice helps lower endotoxin and the associated metabolic damage. ↓ Insulin ↓ Blood sugar ↓ Inflammation ↓ Blood endotoxin ↓ Endotoxin immune response Participants were given meals of egg-muffin and sausage-muffin sandwiches and two hash-brown potatoes that contained 81 g of carbohydrates, 51 g of fat, and 32 g of protein. They had one of 3 drinks with the meal: water, glucose + water, or orange juice with the same amount of natural sugar. All parameters were much improved with orange juice compared to water or sugar water. “The combination of glucose or water and the high-fat, high-carb meal induced oxidative and inflammatory stress and an increase in TLR (endotoxin receptor) expression and plasma endotoxin concentrations. In contrast, orange juice intake with the high-fat, high-carb meal prevented meal-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress, including the increase in endotoxin and TLR expression... This is also relevant to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance because TLR4 and TLR2 were incriminated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. The expression of TLR4 is observed in atherosclerotic plaques, whereas TLR4 deletion protects mice from atherosclerosis and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet.” PMID: 20200256 xitter.cf/davidasinclair/status/…