Ìlẹ̀kẹ̀ (beads) are much more than ornaments in Yoruba culture. They are important symbols of beauty, wealth, royalty, identity, spirituality and cultural heritage. For centuries, Yoruba people have used beads to decorate the body, honour traditional rulers and mark important occasions. Beads have existed in different parts of the world since ancient times. In Yorubaland, southwestern Nigeria, the ancient city of Ilé-Ifẹ̀ became one of the most important centres of bead production. Archaeological and historical research indicates that Ilé-Ifẹ̀ had a thriving glass-bead industry from approximately AD 1000 to 1400. These beads were valued locally and traded across parts of West Africa.