The Arm Doc

(a) Bias during selection may result in a sample population that is different from the intended study population. (b) Retention bias may result in a sample population that is not generalizable to the intended target population

It was a great success! Thanks to ORUK and the team.

Nail disorders.

Anterior Humeral Line.

Knees

Knee lesions

Typical pain patterns in radiculopathies a) C5 b) C6 c) C7 d) C8 e) T1 link.springer.com/article/10…

The coracoclavicular bursa is an anatomic bursa located between the coracoid process of the scapula and the clavicle, closely associated with the conoid and trapezoid components of the coracoclavicular ligament. Its function is to reduce friction and facilitate smooth motion between the clavicle and coracoid during shoulder elevation and scapular rotation. Pathology of this bursa, though uncommon, can include inflammation or bursitis, which may contribute to anterior shoulder pain and mimic acromioclavicular or subcoracoid disorders. Read: wikism.org/Coracoclavicular_…

Superior and inferior views of the Atlas (C1).

Medial collateral ligament.

(a) and (b) The circle of Horii. See text for explanation of stage numbers. LUCL, lateral ulnar collateral ligament; MUCL, medial ulnar collateral ligament; PLRI, posterolateral rotatory instability. (Redrawn from O’Driscoll SW, Jupiter JB, King GJ, et al. The unstable elbow. Instr Course Lect 2001;50:89-102.)

🔹 The AC Joint: Small Structure, Big Impact on Shoulder Function The acromioclavicular joint is sometimes called the 'forgotten joint' of the shoulder. Clinicians who manage it thoughtfully — understanding both its biomechanical importance and the evidence on when intervention adds value — produce outcomes that remind patients and athletes why it should never be forgotten. The acromioclavicular joint transmits forces between the upper limb and the axial skeleton during virtually every overhead and loaded activity of daily life. Despite its small size, its disruption in high-energy injury or its progressive arthritic degeneration in older and athletic populations produces symptoms that are functionally significant and, in the right clinical context, highly treatable with excellent outcomes. The Rockwood classification provides a clinically useful anatomical framework for AC joint injuries. Type I and II injuries — partial disruptions — are managed conservatively with excellent results. Type III injuries — complete disruption of both the AC and coracoclavicular ligaments — sit in genuinely contested territory in the evidence base: multiple prospective studies comparing early operative fixation to non-operative management have not demonstrated consistent superiority for surgery at two-year follow-up. For most patients with Type III injuries, a structured non-operative programme with a clear functional review at three months is the well-evidenced first step. For Type IV, V, and VI injuries, surgery is appropriate and produces reliable results when performed in a timely fashion by an experienced upper limb surgeon. The principle that guides decision-making is straightforward: the severity of the injury determines the likelihood that spontaneous functional recovery will be adequate for this patient's demands. Matching that assessment to a transparent conversation about what operative and non-operative pathways involve produces well-informed, confident patients whatever path they take. "The AC joint may be small, but its contribution to shoulder biomechanics and pain is never small. It deserves the same thoughtful clinical assessment as every other structure in the shoulder complex." 💬 How systematically do you assess the AC joint as part of your shoulder examination? Is it the first structure you examine, or is it an afterthought? — Professor Mo Imam | MD · PhD · FRCS (Tr&Orth) #TheArmDoc | MoImam.co.uk #ACJoint #ShoulderSurgery #SportsSurgery #UpperLimbSurgery #TheArmDoc

Anatomy of the Distal Radius: Includes the six dorsal extensor compartments located at the level of the extensor retinaculum.