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The #SupremeCourtPH has clarified that crimes, regardless of which law punishes them, are generally 𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘢 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘦—meaning, proof of criminal intent is required before conviction can be secured. Moreover, in the crime of simulation of birth, a person cannot be separately convicted under two laws for the same act of falsely registering a child’s birth.             In a Decision written by SC Associate Justice Alfredo Benjamin S. Caguioa, the SC 𝘌𝘯 𝘉𝘢𝘯𝘤 acquitted Benito A. Somo of simulation of birth under Article 347 of the 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘗𝘦𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘊𝘰𝘥𝘦 (RPC) and Section 21(b) of Republic Act No. (RA) 8552, or the 𝘋𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘈𝘥𝘰𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘈𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘧 1998.   Simulation of birth involves falsely registering a child as the biological child of someone who is not the child’s actual parent, causing the child to lose their true identity and status.   Somo was charged with registering a second birth certificate for his grandson, naming himself and his wife as the child’s parents.   The child’s biological father, who used two different names, had earlier authorized the arrangement in writing to avoid confusion over his son’s identity. The second birth certificate was used for the child’s school enrollment and passport. The trial court and the Court of Appeals both found Somo guilty of two separate crimes under the RPC and RA 8552 but the SC explained that Article 347 of the RPC and Section 21 (b) of RA 8552 punish the same crime.   While the RPC penalizes simulation of birth, it does not define the offense or specify how it is committed.  RA 8552 later clarified the offense by defining simulation of birth as tampering with a child’s birth record in the civil registry.   The SC held that RA 8552 did not create a separate crime but merely clarified an offense already punishable under the RPC. A person cannot be prosecuted or punished twice for the same offense. In Somo’s case, both charges arose from the same birth certificate, false registration, and claim of parentage.  The SC aso held that while simulating birth is inherently wrong because it affect's a child's legal identity, family relationships, and constitutional rights, merely registering a false birth certificate is not enough to establish criminal liability. The prosecution must also prove that the accused intended to cause the child to lose their true identity and status. In this case, the SC found that although the false registration was established, the prosecution failed to prove criminal intent. The SC noted that the child’s original birth certificate naming his biological parents remained intact. The child’s biological father had also authorized the arrangement, while Somo later filed a petition for adoption and correction of the birth record. Read the full text of the Press Release at sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=17649…. Read the full text of the Decision at sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=17642…. Read the Concurring Opinion of Senior Associate Justice Marvic M.V.F. Leonen at sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=17645…. Read the Separate Opinion of Associate Justice Amy C. Lazaro-Javier at sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=17647…. Read the Dissenting Opinion of Associate Justice Ricardo R. Rosario at sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=17647…. Read the Concurring Opinion of Associate Justice Jhosep Y. Lopez at sc.judiciary.gov.ph/?p=17648…. Copying of this content is subject to the SC PIO’s Credit Attribution Policy: sc.judiciary.gov.ph/credit-a….