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ALT Schematic diagram of the experimental design and variation in the intracellular and extracellular ARGs during composting. (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental design and analysis methods. (b) Dumbbell plots illustrate the abundance differences of intracellular and extracellular ARGs during composting. Dumbbells with dark colors indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05), while lighter colors indicate non-significant differences (P > 0.05). (c) Changes in the proportion of intracellular and extracellular ARGs at different phases of composting. (d) The removal rate of intracellular and extracellular ARGs during composting. All data sets are based on three biological replicates, and significance levels are indicated by * (P < 0.05), ** (P < 0.01), and *** (P < 0.001), while “n.s” denotes non-significant difference (P > 0.05). The abbreviations “In,” “Th” and “Ma” denote initial, thermophilic, and maturation phases of composting, respectively.
ALT Scanning electron micrograph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB (colorized green). Image: NIAID At a glance: - Highly localized TB strains are less infectious in cosmopolitan cities and more likely to infect people from the geographic area that is the strain’s natural habitat. - The findings offer new clues for tailoring preventive treatments after exposure to TB based on strain-host affinity. - The research provides the first controlled evidence that TB strains may evolve with their human hosts, adapting to be more infectious to specific populations.
